Factors affecting the rate of chemical reaction| Discuss heat change during chemical reaction| pH its applications

 Factors which affect the rate of chemical reaction| Discuss heat change during chemical reaction 

Factors which affect the rate of chemical reaction.

The following factors affect the rate of a chemical reaction.

1. Nature of reactants and products:-

Ionic reactions involving ions are fast, whereas reaction involving molecules of reactants having covalent bonds are relatively slow. in this way the rate of reaction depends on the nature of reactants.

2. Concentration of reactions:-

In most of the reaction, the rate increases with increases in the concentration of reactants. but, some reactions are independent of concentration of reactants.

3. Effect of temperature and pressure:-

The rate of a reaction increases on increasing temperature. similarly, it has been observed that the reaction between gaseous molecules take place at higher pressure than the atmospheric preassure.

4. Effect of catalyst:-

The presence of a catalyst is used many times to increase the rate of reaction.

5. Surface are of the reactant:-

Greater the surface area of the reactants, greater will be the rate if reaction.

6. Effect of light:-

Some reactions take place only in the presence of light. such reactions are called photochemical reactions. light supplies the necessary energy required for the reaction to take place faster.

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Discuss Heat change during chemical reactions.

All chemical reactions involve bond breaking and bond formation. energy is absorbed in the bond breaking whereas, energy is released in the bond formation. as a result the chemical reactions accompanied by heat changes as exothermic(heat releasing) and endothermic (heat absorbing) reactions.

Discuss pH and its applications.

PH is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per litre.

Applications of PH scale.

- It is widely used to know the acidic, basic or neutral nature of solutions in various types of laboratories.

- it is widely used in agriculture to know the suitability of soil for growing crops and other kinds of plants.

- It is used to find pollution of water in natural water bodies.

- It is used to find any abnormality in our body.

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